Exhibit 3.1

Index of Amended and Restated Articles

of

DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc.

Amended and Restated Articles

of

DiaMedica Therapeutics Inc.

(the “Company”)

In these Amended and Restated Articles (the “Articles”), unless the context otherwise requires:

The definitions in the Business Corporations Act and the definitions and rules of construction in the Interpretation Act, with the necessary changes, so far as applicable, and unless the context requires otherwise, apply to these Articles as if they were an enactment. If there is a conflict between a definition in the Business Corporations Act and a definition or rule in the Interpretation Act relating to a term used in these Articles, the definition in the Business Corporations Act will prevail in relation to the use of the term in these Articles. If there is a conflict or inconsistency between these Articles and the Business Corporations Act, the Business Corporations Act will prevail.

The authorized share structure of the Company consists of shares of the class or classes and series, if any, described in the Notice of Articles of the Company.

The Company may issue shares in certificate or uncertificated form. In the event that shares are issued in certificated form, the share certificate issued by the Company must comply with, and be signed as required by, the Business Corporations Act.

Unless the shares of which the shareholder is the registered owner are uncertificated shares within the meaning of the Business Corporations Act, each shareholder is entitled, without charge, to:

provided that in respect of a share held jointly by several persons, the Company is not bound to issue more than one share certificate or acknowledgement and delivery of a share certificate or an acknowledgement to one of several joint shareholders or to a duly authorized agent of one of the joint shareholders will be sufficient delivery to all.

Any share certificate or non-transferable written acknowledgment of a shareholder’s right to obtain a share certificate may be sent to the shareholder by mail at the shareholder’s registered address and neither the Company nor any director, officer or agent of the Company is liable for any loss to the shareholder because the share certificate or acknowledgement is lost in the mail or stolen.

If the directors are satisfied that a share certificate or a non-transferable written acknowledgment of the shareholder’s right to obtain a share certificate is worn out or defaced, they must, on production to them of the share certificate or acknowledgment, as the case may be, and on such other terms, if any, as they think fit:

If a person entitled to a share certificate claims that the share certificate has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Company must issue a new share certificate, if that person:

A person entitled to a share certificate may not assert against the Company a claim for a new share certificate where a share certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken if that person fails to notify the Company of that fact within a reasonable time after that person has notice of it and the Company registers a transfer of the shares represented by the certificate before receiving a notice of the loss, apparent destruction or wrongful taking of the share certificate.

If, after the issue of a new share certificate, a protected purchaser of the original share certificate presents the original share certificate for the registration of transfer, then in addition to any rights under any indemnity bond, the Company may recover the new share certificate from a person to whom it was issued or any person taking under that person other than a protected purchaser.

If a shareholder surrenders a share certificate to the Company with a written request that the Company issue in the shareholder’s name two or more share certificates, each representing a specified number of shares and in the aggregate representing the same number of shares as the share certificate so surrendered, the Company must cancel the surrendered share certificate and issue replacement share certificates in accordance with that request.

The Company may charge a fee in relation to the issue of any share certificate under Articles 2.5, 2.6 or 2.8; provided, however, that the amount of the fee, if any, must not exceed the amount prescribed under the Business Corporations Act.

Except as required by law or statute or these Articles, no person will be recognized by the Company as holding any share upon any trust, and the Company is not bound by or compelled in any way to recognize (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or shared interest in any share or fraction of a share or (except as required by law or statute or these Articles or as ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the shareholder.

Subject to the Business Corporations Act and the rights, if any, of the holders of issued shares of the Company, the Company may issue, allot, sell or otherwise dispose of the unissued shares, and issued shares held by the Company, at the times, to the persons, including directors, in the manner, on the terms and conditions and for the issue prices (including any premium at which shares with par value may be issued) that the directors may determine. The issue price for a share with par value must be equal to or greater than the par value of the share.

The Company may at any time, pay a reasonable commission or allow a reasonable discount to any person in consideration of that person:

The Company may pay such brokerage fee or other consideration as may be lawful for or in connection with the sale or placement of its securities.

Except as provided for by the Business Corporations Act, no share may be issued until it is fully paid. A share is fully paid when:

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, the Company may issue share purchase warrants, options and rights upon such terms and conditions as the directors determine, which share purchase warrants, options and rights may be issued alone or in conjunction with debentures, debenture stock, bonds, shares or any other securities issued or created by the Company from time to time.

As required by and subject to the Business Corporations Act, the Company must maintain in British Columbia a central securities register. The directors may, subject to the Business Corporations Act, appoint an agent to maintain the central securities register. The directors may also appoint one or more agents, including the agent which keeps the central securities register, as transfer agent for its shares or any class or series of its shares, as the case may be, and the same or another agent as registrar for its shares or such class or series of its shares, as the case may be. The directors may terminate such appointment of any agent at any time and may appoint another agent in its place.

The Company must not at any time close its central securities register.

The Company must register a transfer of a share of the Company if either:

The Company may waive any of the requirements set out in Article 5.1(a) and any of the preconditions referred to in Article 5.1(b).

Except to the extent that the Business Corporations Act otherwise provides, the transferor of shares is deemed to remain the holder of the shares until the name of the transferee is entered in a securities register of the Company in respect of the transfer.

If a shareholder, or his or her duly authorized attorney, signs an instrument of transfer in respect of shares registered in the name of the shareholder, the signed instrument of transfer constitutes a complete and sufficient authority to the Company and its directors, officers and agents to register the number of shares specified in the instrument of transfer or specified in any other manner, or, if no number is specified, all the shares represented by the share certificates or set out in the written acknowledgments deposited with the instrument of transfer:

Neither the Company nor any director, officer or agent of the Company is bound to inquire into the title of the person named in the instrument of transfer as transferee or, if no person is named as transferee in the instrument of transfer, of the person on whose behalf the instrument is deposited for the purpose of having the transfer registered or is liable for any claim related to registering the transfer by the shareholder or by any intermediate owner or holder of the shares, of any interest in the shares, of any share certificate representing such shares or of any written acknowledgment of a right to obtain a share certificate for such shares.

The Company may charge a fee in relation to the registration of any transfer in such amount as may be determined by the directors, from time to time.

In case of the death of a shareholder, the legal personal representative, or if the shareholder was a joint holder, the surviving joint holder, will be the only person recognized by the Company as having any title to the shareholder’s interest in the shares. Before recognizing a person as a legal personal representative, the directors may require proof of appointment by a court of competent jurisdiction, a grant of letters probate, letters of administration or such other evidence or documents as the directors consider appropriate.

The legal personal representative of a shareholder has the same rights, privileges and obligations that attach to the shares held by the shareholder, including the right to transfer the shares in accordance with these Articles, provided the documents required by the Business Corporations Act and the directors have been deposited with the Company.

Subject to Article 7.2, the special rights or restrictions attached to the shares of any class or series and the Business Corporations Act, the Company may, if authorized by the directors, purchase or otherwise acquire any of its shares at the price and upon the terms specified in such resolution.

The Company must not make a payment or provide any other consideration to purchase or otherwise acquire any of its shares if there are reasonable grounds for believing that:

If the Company retains a share redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired by it, the Company may sell, gift or otherwise dispose of the share, but, while such share is held by the Company, it:

The Company, if authorized by the directors, may:

Subject to Article 9.2 and the Business Corporations Act, the Company may by directors’ resolution, unless an alteration to the Company’s Notice of Articles would be required, in which case by ordinary resolution:

and, if applicable, alter its Notice of Articles and, if applicable, its Articles, accordingly.

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, the Company may by ordinary resolution:

and alter its Articles and Notice of Articles accordingly.

The Company may by directors’ resolution authorize an alteration of its Notice of Articles in order to change its name.

If the Business Corporations Act does not specify the type of resolution and these Articles do not specify another type of resolution, the Company may by ordinary resolution alter these Articles.

Unless an annual general meeting is deferred or waived in accordance with the Business Corporations Act, the Company must hold its first annual general meeting within 18 months after the date on which it was incorporated or otherwise recognized, and after that must hold an annual general meeting at least once in each calendar year and not more than 15 months after the last annual reference date at such time and place as may be determined by the directors.

If all the shareholders who are entitled to vote at an annual general meeting consent by a unanimous resolution under the Business Corporations Act to all of the business that is required to be transacted at that annual general meeting, the annual general meeting is deemed to have been held on the date of the unanimous resolution. The shareholders must, in any unanimous resolution passed under this Article 10.2, select as the Company’s annual reference date a date that would be appropriate for the holding of the applicable annual general meeting.

The chairman of the board, the chief executive officer or president (in the absence of a chief executive officer), or a majority of the directors, by resolution, may, at any time, call a meeting of shareholders. Subject to compliance with the Business Corporations Act, shareholders holding no less than 1/20^th (5%) of the issued shares of the Company that carry the right to vote may request a meeting of shareholders.

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, a meeting of shareholders may be held in or outside of British Columbia as determined by a resolution of the directors. For greater certainty, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a meeting of shareholders may be held electronically, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, or in such other city in the United States of America as the directors may be determined by a resolution of the directors.

Notice of the time and place of a meeting of shareholders must be sent not less than twenty-one days and not more than fifty days before the meeting:

The directors may set a date as the record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of any meeting of shareholders. The record date must not precede the date on which the meeting is to be held by more than two months or, in the case of a general meeting requisitioned by shareholders under the Business Corporations Act, by more than four months. The record date must not precede the date on which the meeting is held by fewer than 21 days.

If no record date is set, the record date is 5 p.m. on the day immediately preceding the first date on which the notice is sent or, if no notice is sent, the beginning of the meeting.

The directors may set a date as the record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders. The record date must not precede the date on which the meeting is to be held by more than two months or, in the case of a general meeting requisitioned by shareholders under the Business Corporations Act, by more than four months. If no record date is set, the record date is 5 p.m. on the day immediately preceding the first date on which the notice is sent or, if no notice is sent, the beginning of the meeting.

The accidental omission to send notice of any meeting to, or the non-receipt of any notice by, any of the persons entitled to notice does not invalidate any proceedings at that meeting. Any person entitled to notice of a meeting of shareholders may, in writing or otherwise, waive or reduce the period of notice of such meeting. Attendance of a person at a meeting of shareholders is a waiver of entitlement to notice of the meeting unless that person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the grounds that the meeting is not lawfully called.

If a meeting of shareholders is to consider special business within the meaning of Article 11.1, the notice of meeting must:

Subject only to the Business Corporations Act, the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (such act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the “Exchange Act”), and these Articles, only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set out in this Article 10.10 shall be eligible for election as directors to the board of directors of the Company. Nominations of persons for election to the board may only be made at an annual general meeting of shareholders, or at a special general meeting of shareholders called for any purpose at which the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting, as follows:

For the avoidance of doubt, this Article 10.10 shall be the exclusive means for any person to bring nominations for election to the board before any annual or special general meeting of shareholders of the Company.

In order for a nomination made by a Nominating Shareholder to be timely notice (a “Timely Notice”), the Nominating Shareholder’s notice must be received by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company at the principal executive offices or registered office of the Company:

To be in proper written form, a Nominating Shareholder’s notice to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company must comply with all the provisions of this Article 10.10 and disclose or include, as applicable:

To be eligible to be a nominee for election as a director of the Company at an annual or special general meeting of shareholders, the Proposed Nominee must be nominated in the manner prescribed in this Article 10.10(d) and must deliver (in accordance with the time period prescribed for delivery in a notice to such Proposed Nominee given by or on behalf of the Board of Directors), to the Secretary of the Company, (a) a completed written questionnaire (in a form provided by the Company) with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership and independence of such Proposed Nominee and (b) a written representation and agreement (in a form provided by the Company) that such nominee (i) is not and, if elected as a director during such director’s term of office, will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given and will not give any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such Proposed Nominee, if elected as a director of the Company, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) or (2) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such Proposed Nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Company, with such Proposed Nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (ii) is not, and will not become, a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Company with respect to any direct or indirect compensation or reimbursement for service as a director; and (iii) if elected as a director of the Company, will comply with the applicable corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Company (and, if requested by any Proposed Nominee, the Secretary of the Company shall provide to such Proposed Nominee all such policies and guidelines then in effect).

In addition to the information required pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Article 10.10(d), the Company may require any Proposed Nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Company to determine the eligibility of such Proposed Nominee to serve as an independent director of the Company or that could be material to a reasonable shareholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee. Such information will be considered timely if provided to the Company promptly upon request by the Company but in any event within five (5) business days after such request. In addition, the Board of Directors may require any Proposed Nominee to submit to interviews with the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, and such Proposed Nominee shall make herself or himself available for any such interviews within ten (10) days following the date of any reasonable request therefor from the Board of Directors or any committee thereof.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Article 10.10(d), unless otherwise required by law, (a) no shareholder making such a nomination shall solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Company’s nominees unless such shareholder has complied with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act in connection with the solicitation of such proxies, including the provision to the Company of notices required thereunder in a timely manner unless the information required by Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act has been provided in a preliminary or definitive proxy statement previously filed by such person and (b) if any shareholder making such a nomination (i) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act and (ii) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act or any other rules and regulations thereunder, including the provision to the Company of notices required thereunder in a timely manner, then the Company shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for any Proposed Nominees on the Company’s proxy card other than the Company’s nominees and such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in favor thereof may have been received by the Company. In addition, any shareholder that provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act shall notify the Secretary of the Company within two (2) business days of any change in such shareholder’s intent to solicit proxies from the holders of shares representing at least 67% of the voting power of shares entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of director nominees other than the Company’s nominees. Upon request by the Company, if any shareholder making such a nomination provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act, such shareholder shall deliver to the Secretary of the Company, no later than five (5) business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act.

All information to be provided in a Timely Notice pursuant to this Article 10.10 shall be provided as of the date of such notice. The Nominating Shareholder shall provide the Company with an update to such information forthwith so that it is true and correct in all material respects as of the date that is 10 business days before the date of the meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

Notwithstanding Part 23 of these Articles, any notice, or other document or information required to be given to the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary of the Company pursuant to this Article 10.10 may only be given by personal delivery or courier (but not by fax or email) to the Chief Executive Officer or Secretary at the address of the principal executive offices or registered office of the Company and shall be deemed to have been given and made on the date of delivery if it is a business day and the delivery was made prior to 5:00 p.m. in the city where the Company’s principal executive offices are located and otherwise on the next business day.

The chair of any meeting of shareholders of the Company shall have the power to determine whether any proposed nomination is made in accordance with the provisions of this Article 10.10, and if any proposed nomination is not in compliance with such provisions, must as soon as practicable following receipt of such nomination and prior to the meeting declare that such defective nomination shall not be considered at any meeting of shareholders.

The board may, in its sole discretion, waive any requirement in this Article 10.10.

For the purposes of this Article 10.10, reference to “affiliate” and “associate” shall have the respective meanings ascribed thereto in Rule 405 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

For the purposes of this Article 10.10, the term “beneficial owner” or “beneficially owned” shall have the meaning set forth for such terms in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act.

For the purposes of this Article 10.10, “public announcement” means disclosure in a news release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable United States news service or in a document filed by the Company for public access with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

At a meeting of shareholders, the following business is special business:

The majority of votes required for the Company to pass an ordinary resolution at a meeting of shareholders is a simple majority of the votes cast on the resolution.

The majority of votes required for the Company to pass a special resolution at a meeting of shareholders is two-thirds of the votes cast on the resolution.

Subject to the special rights or restrictions attached to the shares of any class or series of shares, the quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of shareholders shall be any number of shareholders who, in the aggregate, hold at least 33^1/3% of the issued shares entitled to be voted at the meeting.

The directors, the president (if any), the secretary (if any), the assistant secretary (if any), any lawyer for the Company, the auditor of the Company and any other persons invited by the directors are entitled to attend any meeting of shareholders, but if any of those persons does attend a meeting of shareholders, that person is not entitled to vote at the meeting unless that person is a shareholder or proxy holder entitled to vote at the meeting.

No business, other than the election of a chair of the meeting and the adjournment of the meeting, may be transacted at any meeting of shareholders unless a quorum of shareholders entitled to vote is present at the commencement of the meeting, but such quorum need not be present throughout the meeting.

If, within one-half hour from the time set for the holding of a meeting of shareholders, a quorum is not present:

The following individual is entitled to preside as chair at a meeting of shareholders:

If, at any meeting of shareholders, there is no chair of the board, president, chief executive officer or chief financial officer present within 15 minutes after the time set for holding the meeting, or if all of the foregoing are unwilling to act as chair of the meeting or have advised the secretary, if any, or any director present at the meeting, that they will not be present at the meeting, the directors present at the meeting must choose one of their number to be chair of the meeting or if all of the directors present decline to take the chair or fail to so choose or if no director is present at the meeting, the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting who are present in person or by proxy may choose any person present at the meeting to chair the meeting.

The chair of a meeting of shareholders may, and if so directed by the meeting must, adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business may be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place. For greater certainty, a meeting of shareholders may be adjourned multiple times if so required.

It is not necessary to give any notice of an adjourned meeting or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned meeting of shareholders except that, when a meeting is adjourned for 30 days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given as in the case of the original meeting.

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, every motion put to a vote at a meeting of shareholders will be decided on a show of hands unless a poll, before or on the declaration of the result of the vote by show of hands, is directed by the chair or demanded by at least one shareholder entitled to vote who is present in person or by proxy.

The chair of a meeting of shareholders may declare to the meeting the decision on a question in accordance with the result of the show of hands or the poll, as the case may be, and that decision, if so declared, must be entered in the minutes of the meeting. A declaration of the chair that a resolution is carried by the necessary majority or is defeated is, unless a poll is directed by the chair or demanded under Article 11.11, conclusive evidence without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against the resolution.

No motion proposed at a meeting of shareholders need be seconded unless the chair of the meeting rules otherwise, and the chair of any meeting of shareholders is entitled to propose or second a motion.

In case of an equality of votes, the chair of a meeting of shareholders does not, either on a show of hands or on a poll, have a second or casting vote in addition to the vote or votes to which the chair may be entitled as a shareholder.

Subject to Article 11.16, if a poll is duly demanded at a meeting of shareholders:

A poll demanded at a meeting of shareholders on a question of adjournment must be taken immediately at the meeting.

In the case of any dispute as to the admission or rejection of a vote given on a poll, the chair of the meeting must determine the dispute, and his or her determination made in good faith is final and conclusive.

On a poll, a shareholder entitled to more than one vote need not cast all the votes in the same way.

No poll may be demanded in respect of the vote by which a chair of a meeting of shareholders is elected.

The demand for a poll at a meeting of shareholders does not, unless the chair of the meeting so rules, prevent the continuation of a meeting for the transaction of any business other than the question on which a poll has been demanded.

The Company must, for at least three months after a meeting of shareholders, keep each ballot cast on a poll and each proxy voted at the meeting, and, during that period, make them available for inspection during normal business hours by any shareholder or proxyholder entitled to vote at the meeting. At the end of such three month period, the Company may destroy such ballots and proxies.

A shareholder or proxy holder who is entitled to participate in, including vote, at a meeting of shareholders may do so by telephone or other communications medium if all shareholders participating in the meeting, whether in person, by telephone or other communications medium, are able to communicate with each other. Nothing in this Article 11.24 obligates the company to take any action or provide any facility to permit or facilitate the use of any communications medium at a meeting of shareholders. A shareholder who participates in a meeting in a manner contemplated by this Article 11.24 is deemed for all purposes of the Business Corporations Act and these Articles to be present at the meeting and to have agreed to participate in that manner.

Subject to any special rights or restrictions attached to any shares and to the restrictions imposed on joint shareholders under Article 12.3:

A person who is not a shareholder may vote at a meeting of shareholders, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, and may appoint a proxy holder to act at the meeting, if, before doing so, the person satisfies the chair of the meeting, or the directors, that the person is a legal personal representative or a trustee in bankruptcy for a shareholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting.

If there are joint shareholders registered in respect of any share:

Two or more legal personal representatives of a shareholder in whose sole name any share is registered are, for the purposes of Article 12.3, deemed to be joint shareholders.

If a corporation, that is not a subsidiary of the Company, is a shareholder, that corporation may appoint a person to act as its representative at any meeting of shareholders of the Company, and:

Evidence of the appointment of any such representative may be sent to the Company by written instrument, fax or any other method of transmitting legibly recorded messages.

Articles 12.7 to 12.15 apply only insofar as they are not inconsistent with any Canadian securities legislation applicable to the Company, any U.S. securities legislation applicable to the Company or any rules of an exchange on which securities of the Company are listed.

Every shareholder of the Company, including a corporation that is a shareholder but not a subsidiary of the Company, entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders of the Company may, by proxy, appoint one or more proxy holders to attend and act at the meeting in the manner, to the extent and with the powers conferred by the proxy.

A shareholder may appoint one or more alternate proxy holders to act in the place of an absent proxy holder.

A proxy for a meeting of shareholders must:

A proxy may be sent to the Company by written instrument, fax or any other method of transmitting legibly recorded messages.

A vote given in accordance with the terms of a proxy is valid notwithstanding the death or incapacity of the shareholder giving the proxy and despite the revocation of the proxy or the revocation of the authority under which the proxy is given, unless notice in writing of that death, incapacity or revocation is received:

An instrument of proxy, whether for a specified meeting or otherwise, must be in substantially the following form or in any other form approved by the directors or the chair of the meeting:

Name of Company

(the “Company”)

The undersigned, being a shareholder of the Company, hereby appoints                    or, failing that person,                   , as proxy holder for the undersigned to attend, act and vote for and on behalf of the undersigned at the meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on                             and at any adjournment of that meeting.

Number of shares in respect of which this proxy is given (if no number is specified, then this proxy is given in respect of all shares registered in the name of the shareholder): _____________________

Signed                                                                                                                            

(month, day, year)

(Signature of shareholder) - print name

Subject to Article 12.13, every instrument of proxy may be revoked by an instrument in writing that is:

An instrument referred to in Article 12.12 must be signed as follows:

The chair of any meeting of shareholders may, but need not, inquire into the authority of any person to vote at the meeting and may, but need not, demand from that person production of evidence as to the existence of the authority to vote.

The chair of the meeting may determine whether or not a proxy, deposited for use at such meeting, which may not strictly comply with the requirements of these Articles as to form, execution, accompanying documentation, time of filing, or otherwise, shall be valid for use at such meeting and any such determination made in good faith shall be final, conclusive and binding upon such meeting.

A resolution consented to in writing by the shareholders may be consented to in any number of counterparts which together shall be deemed to constitute one resolution in writing. A consent resolution passed in this manner which meets the requirements of the Business Corporations Act is effective on the date stipulated in the resolution or, if no date is stipulated, then on the latest date stated on any counterpart.

A resolution or any counterpart thereof consented to in writing by the shareholders which has been sent to the records office of the Company by fax or any other method of transmitting such resolution or counterpart thereof which indicates written consent of such resolution by such shareholders shall, subject to evidence to the contrary, be deemed to be proof that the resolution has been passed.

The first directors are the persons designated as directors of the Company in the Notice of Articles that applies to the Company when it is recognized under the Business Corporations Act. The number of directors, excluding additional directors appointed under Article 14.8, is set at:

If the number of directors is set under Article 13.1(a)(i) or 13.1(b)(i):

An act or proceeding of the directors is not invalid merely because fewer than the number of directors set or otherwise required under these Articles is in office.

A director is not required to hold a share in the capital of the Company as qualification for his or her office but must be qualified as required by the Business Corporations Act to become, act or continue to act as a director.

The directors are entitled to the remuneration for acting as directors, if any, as the directors may from time to time determine. That remuneration may be in addition to any salary or other remuneration paid to any officer or employee of the Company as such, who is also a director.

The Company must reimburse each director for the reasonable expenses that he or she may incur in and about the business of the Company.

At every annual general meeting and in every unanimous resolution contemplated by Article 10.2:

No election, appointment or designation of an individual as a director is valid unless:

If:

then each director then in office continues to hold office until the earlier of:

If, at any meeting of shareholders at which there should be an election of directors, the places of any of the retiring directors are not filled by that election, those retiring directors who are not re-elected and who are asked by the newly elected directors to continue in office will, if willing to do so, continue in office to complete the number of directors for the time being set pursuant to these Articles until further new directors are elected at a meeting of shareholders convened for that purpose. If any such election or continuance of directors does not result in the election or continuance of the number of directors for the time being set pursuant to these Articles, the number of directors of the Company is deemed to be set at the number of directors actually elected or continued in office.

Any casual vacancy occurring in the board of directors may be filled by the directors.

The directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy in the board of directors, but if the Company has fewer directors in office than the number set pursuant to these Articles as the quorum of directors, the directors may only act for the purpose of appointing directors up to that number or of summoning a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of filling any vacancies on the board of directors or, subject to the Business Corporations Act, for any other purpose.

If the Company has no directors or fewer directors in office than the number set pursuant to these Articles as the quorum of directors, the shareholders may elect or appoint directors to fill any vacancies on the board of directors.

Notwithstanding Articles 13.1 and 13.2, between annual general meetings or unanimous resolutions contemplated by Article 10.2, the directors may appoint one or more additional directors, but the number of additional directors appointed under this Article 14.8 must not at any time exceed:

Any director so appointed ceases to hold office immediately before the next election or appointment of directors under Article 14.1(a), but is eligible for re-election or re-appointment.

A director ceases to be a director when:

The Company may remove any director before the expiration of his or her term of office by special resolution. In that event, the shareholders may elect, or appoint by ordinary resolution, a director to fill the resulting vacancy. If the shareholders do not elect or appoint a director to fill the resulting vacancy contemporaneously with the removal, then the directors may appoint or the shareholders may elect, or appoint by ordinary resolution, a director to fill that vacancy.

The directors may remove any director before the expiration of his or her term of office if the director is charged with an indictable offence, or if the director ceases to be qualified to act as a director of a company and does not promptly resign, and the directors may appoint a director to fill the resulting vacancy.

The directors must, subject to the Business Corporations Act and these Articles, manage or supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Company and have the authority to exercise all such powers of the Company as are not, by the Business Corporations Act or by these Articles, required to be exercised by the shareholders of the Company.

Subject to the provisions of Part 24 of these Articles, the directors may from time to time, by power of attorney or other instrument, under seal if so required by law, appoint any person to be the attorney of the Company for such purposes, and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the directors under these Articles and excepting the power to fill vacancies in the board of directors, to remove a director, to change the membership of, or fill vacancies in, any committee of the directors, to appoint or remove officers appointed by the directors and to declare dividends) and for such period, and with such remuneration and subject to such conditions as the directors may think fit. Any such resolution of appointment of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection or convenience of persons dealing with such attorney as the directors think fit. Any such attorney may be authorized by the directors to sub-delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions for the time being vested in him or her.

A director or senior officer who holds a disclosable interest (as that term is used in the Business Corporations Act) in a contract or transaction into which the Company has entered or proposes to enter is liable to account to the Company for any profit that accrues to the director or senior officer under or as a result of the contract or transaction only if and to the extent provided in the Business Corporations Act.

A director who holds a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction into which the Company has entered or proposes to enter is not entitled to vote on any directors’ resolution to approve that contract or transaction, unless all the directors have a disclosable interest in that contract or transaction, in which case any or all of those directors may vote on such resolution.

A director who holds a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction into which the Company has entered or proposes to enter and who is present at the meeting of directors at which the contract or transaction is considered for approval may be counted in the quorum at the meeting whether or not the director votes on any or all of the resolutions considered at the meeting.

A director or senior officer who holds any office or possesses any property, right or interest that could result, directly or indirectly, in the creation of a duty or interest that materially conflicts with that individual’s duty or interest as a director or senior officer, must disclose the nature and extent of the conflict as required by the Business Corporations Act.

A director may hold any office or place of profit with the Company, other than the office of auditor of the Company, in addition to his or her office of director for the period and on the terms (as to remuneration or otherwise) that the directors may determine.

A director or officer may be or become a director, officer or employee of, or otherwise interested in, any person in which the Company may be interested as a shareholder or otherwise, and, subject to the Business Corporations Act, the director or officer is not accountable to the Company for any remuneration or other benefits received by him or her as director, officer or employee of, or from his or her interest in, such other person.

The directors may meet together for the conduct of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings as they think fit, and meetings of the directors held at regular intervals may be held at the place, at the time and on the notice, if any, as the directors may from time to time determine.

Questions arising at any meeting of directors are to be decided by a majority of votes and, in the case of an equality of votes, the chair of the meeting does not have a second or casting vote.

The following individual is entitled to preside as chair at a meeting of directors:

A director may participate in a meeting of the directors or of any committee of the directors in person or by telephone if all directors participating in the meeting, whether in person or by telephone or other communications medium, are able to communicate with each other. A director may participate in a meeting of the directors or of any committee of the directors by a communications medium other than telephone if all directors participating in the meeting, whether in person or by telephone or other communications medium, are able to communicate with each other and if all directors who wish to participate in the meeting agree to such participation. A director who participates in a meeting in a manner contemplated by this Article 17.4 is deemed for all purposes of the Business Corporations Act and these Articles to be present at the meeting and to have agreed to participate in that manner.

A director may, and the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company, if any, on the request of a director must, call a meeting of the directors at any time.

Other than for meetings held at regular intervals as determined by the directors pursuant to Article 17.1, reasonable notice of each meeting of the directors, specifying the place, day and time of that meeting must be given to each of the directors by any method set out in Article 23.1 or orally or by telephone.

It is not necessary to give notice of a meeting of the directors to a director if:

The accidental omission to give notice of any meeting of directors to, or the non-receipt of any notice by, any director, does not invalidate any proceedings at that meeting.

Any director may send to the Company a document signed by him or her waiving notice of any past, present or future meeting or meetings of the directors and may at any time withdraw that waiver with respect to meetings held after that withdrawal. After sending a waiver with respect to all future meetings and until that waiver is withdrawn, no notice of any meeting of the directors need be given to that director and, unless the director otherwise requires by notice in writing to the Company, and all meetings of the directors so held are deemed not to be improperly called or constituted by reason of notice not having been given to such director.

The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the directors may be set by the directors and, if not so set, is deemed to be set at two directors or, if the number of directors is set at one, is deemed to be set at one director, and that director may constitute a meeting.

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, an act of a director or officer is not invalid merely because of an irregularity in the election or appointment or a defect in the qualification of that director or officer.

A resolution of the directors consented to in writing by all of the directors entitled to vote on it is as valid and effective as if it had been passed at a meeting of the directors duly called and held that satisfies all the requirements of the Business Corporations Act and all the requirements of these Articles relating to meetings of the directors. A resolution of the directors consented to in writing in accordance with this Article 17.12 is deemed to be a proceeding at a meeting of directors.

A resolution consented to in writing by each of the directors entitled to vote on it may be consented to in any number of counterparts which together shall be deemed to constitute one resolution in writing. A consent resolution passed in this manner is effective on the date stipulated in the resolution or on the latest date stated on any counterpart.

A resolution or any counterpart thereof consented to in writing by each of the directors entitled to vote on it which has been sent to the records office of the Company by fax or any other method of transmitting such resolution or counterpart thereof which indicates written consent of such resolution shall, subject to evidence to the contrary, be deemed to be proof that the resolution has been passed.

The directors may, by resolution, appoint an executive committee consisting of the director or directors that they consider appropriate, and this committee has, during the intervals between meetings of the board of directors, all of the directors’ powers, except:

The directors may, by resolution:

Any committee appointed under Articles 18.1 or 18.2, in the exercise of the powers delegated to it, must:

The directors may, at any time, with respect to a committee appointed under Articles 18.1 or 18.2:

Subject to Article 18.3(a) and unless the directors otherwise provide in the resolution appointing the committee or in any subsequent resolution, with respect to a committee appointed under Articles 18.1 or 18.2:

A resolution of a committee of the directors appointed under this Article 18 consented to in writing by all of the directors entitled to vote on it is as valid and effective as if it had been passed at a meeting of such committee of the directors duly called and held that satisfies all the requirements of the Business Corporations Act and all the requirements of these Articles relating to meetings of such committee of the directors. A resolution of such committee of the directors consented to in writing in accordance with this Article 18.6 is deemed to be a proceeding at a meeting of such committee of the directors.

A resolution consented to in writing by each member of a committee entitled to vote on it may be consented to in any number of counterparts which together shall be deemed to constitute one resolution in writing. A consent resolution passed in this manner is effective on the date stipulated in the resolution or on the latest date stated on any counterpart.

A resolution or any counterpart thereof consented to in writing by each of the members of a committee entitled to vote on it which has been sent to the records office of the Company by fax or any other method of transmitting such resolution or counterpart thereof which indicates written consent of such resolution shall, subject to evidence to the contrary, be deemed to be proof that the resolution has been passed.

The directors may, from time to time, appoint such officers, if any, as the directors determine and the directors may, at any time, terminate any such appointment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the directors may delegate the authority to appoint and terminate officers on such terms and conditions as the directors may determine from time to time.

The directors may, for each officer:

No officer may be appointed unless that officer is qualified in accordance with the Business Corporations Act. One person may hold more than one position as an officer of the Company. Any person appointed as the chair of the board or as the managing director must be a director. Any other officer need not be a director.

All appointments of officers are to be made on the terms and conditions and at the remuneration (whether by way of salary, fee, commission, participation in profits or otherwise) that the directors thinks fit and are subject to termination at the pleasure of the directors, and an officer may in addition to such remuneration be entitled to receive, after he or she ceases to hold such office or leaves the employment of the Company, a pension or gratuity.

In this Article 20:

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, the Company must indemnify a director or former director of the Company and his or her heirs and legal personal representatives against all eligible penalties to which such person is or may be liable, and the Company must, either as they are incurred in advance of the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, or after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in respect of that proceeding. Each director is deemed to have contracted with the Company on the terms of the indemnity contained in this Article 20.2.

Subject to any restrictions in the Business Corporations Act, the Company may indemnify any person.

The failure of a director or officer of the Company to comply with the Business Corporations Act or these Articles does not invalidate any indemnity to which he or she is entitled under this Part.

The Company may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of any person (or his or her heirs or legal personal representatives) who:

against any liability incurred by him or her as such director, officer, employee or agent or person who holds or held such equivalent position.

The provisions of this Article 21 are subject to the rights, if any, of shareholders holding shares with special rights as to dividends.

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, the directors may from time to time declare and authorize payment of such dividends as they may deem advisable.

The directors need not give notice to any shareholder of any declaration under Article 21.2.

The directors may set a date as the record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend. The record date must not precede the date on which the dividend is to be paid by more than two months. If no record date is set, the record date is 5 p.m. on the date on which the directors pass the resolution declaring the dividend.

A resolution declaring a dividend may direct payment of the dividend wholly or partly by the distribution of specific assets or of fully paid shares or of bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company, or in any one or more of those ways.

If any difficulty arises in regard to a distribution under Article 21.5, the directors may settle the difficulty as they deem advisable, and, in particular, may:

Any dividend may be made payable on such date as is fixed by the directors.

All dividends on shares of any class or series of shares must be declared and paid according to the number of such shares held.

If several persons are joint shareholders of any share, any one of them may give an effective receipt for any dividend, bonus or other money payable in respect of the share.

No dividend bears interest against the Company.

If a dividend to which a shareholder is entitled includes a fraction of the smallest monetary unit of the currency of the dividend, that fraction may be disregarded in making payment of the dividend and that payment represents full payment of the dividend.

Any dividend or other distribution payable in cash in respect of shares may be paid by cheque, made payable to the order of the person to whom it is sent, and mailed to the address of the shareholder, or in the case of joint shareholders, to the address of the joint shareholder who is first named on the central securities register, or to the person and to the address the shareholder or joint shareholders may direct in writing. The mailing of such cheque will, to the extent of the sum represented by the cheque (plus the amount of the tax required by law to be deducted), discharge all liability for the dividend unless such cheque is not paid on presentation or the amount of tax so deducted is not paid to the appropriate taxing authority.

Notwithstanding anything contained in these Articles, the directors may from time to time capitalize any retained earnings or surplus of the Company and may from time to time issue, as fully paid, shares or any bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company as a dividend representing the retained earnings or surplus so capitalized or any part thereof.

The directors must cause adequate accounting records to be kept to record properly the financial affairs and condition of the Company and to comply with the Business Corporations Act.

Unless the directors determine otherwise, or unless otherwise determined by ordinary resolution, no shareholder of the Company is entitled to inspect or obtain a copy of any accounting records of the Company.

The directors may set the remuneration of the auditor of the Company. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the directors may delegate the authority to set the remuneration of the auditor of the Company to the Company’s audit committee on such terms as the directors may determine, from time to time.

Unless the Business Corporations Act or these Articles provides otherwise, a notice, statement, report or other record required or permitted by the Business Corporations Act or these Articles to be sent by or to a person may be sent by any one of the following methods:

A record that is mailed to a person by ordinary mail to the applicable address for that person referred to in Article 23.1 is deemed to be received by the person to whom it was mailed on the day, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays excepted, following the date of mailing.

A certificate signed by the secretary, if any, or other officer of the Company or of any other corporation acting in that behalf for the Company stating that a notice, statement, report or other record was addressed as required by Article 23.1, prepaid and mailed or otherwise sent as permitted by Article 23.1 is conclusive evidence of that fact.

If two or more persons are registered as joint holders of any share, notice to one of those persons is sufficient notice to all of them. A notice must be addressed to all those joint holders and the address to be used by the Corporation must be the address appearing in the securities register of the Corporation in respect of that joint holding or the first address appearing if there is more than one address.

All instruments in writing requiring execution by the Company shall be signed by the person or persons authorized by board from time to time. The Board shall have power from time to time by resolution to appoint any person or persons on behalf of the Company either to sign instruments generally or to sign specific instruments.

In the absence of any resolution passed pursuant to Article 24.1, all instruments in writing requiring execution by the Company may be signed by any one officer, or his or her delegate, on behalf of the Company.

The directors may authorize the signature of any director, officer or agent of the Company be printed, lithographed, engraved or otherwise mechanically reproduced upon all instruments executed or issued by the Company as they may determine appropriate from time to time. Instruments on which the signature of any such person of the Company is so reproduced in accordance with the Business Corporations Act or these Articles, shall be deemed to have been manually signed by such person whose signature is so reproduced and shall be as valid to all intents and purposes as if such instrument had been signed manually and notwithstanding that the person whose signature is so reproduced may have ceased to hold office at the date of the delivery or issue of such instrument. The term “instrument” as used in this Article shall include deeds, mortgages, hypothecs, charges, conveyances, transfers and assignments of property, real or personal, agreements, releases, receipt and discharges for the payment of money or other obligations, certificates of the Company’s shares, share warrants of the Company, bonds, debentures and other debt obligations of the Company, and all paper writings.

An instrument or any other document required to be signed by a director, officer or agent of the Company may be signed electronically in accordance with the applicable laws.

The Voting Common Shares (the “Common Shares”) shall have the following rights and be subject to the following restrictions, conditions and limitations:

The holders of the Common Shares shall be entitled to one vote for each Common Share held by them at all meetings of shareholders except meetings at which, pursuant to the Business Corporations Act, only holders of a specified class of shares are entitled to vote.

These Amended and Restated Articles bearing a signature of the Corporate Secretary sent by facsimile or other electronic communication medium will for all purposes be treated and accepted as an original copy.